Messiaen und Cage — (antagonism (antithesis) Cage/Messiaen). Did John Cage ever comment on O. Messiaen‘s music in his writing or interview? They had strong similarities:
nature - sound (birds, gurgle shells, environmental sound etc.)
mysticism, spirituality, and philosophy - concept of art, life and music
investigation in sound, new concepts of the orchestra (orchestration)
ground-breaking piano compositions
Messiaen: "Mode de Valeurs et d‘intensités" for piano was the first work of total serialism, and "Vingt regards sur l‘enfant Jésus" |
Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) | OiseauxCage: The Music of Changes, chance adapted from the Chinese "Book of Changes."
Messiaen: adapted techniques from non-Western music (such as the Indian raga system) and medieval music (isorhythm)
Cage: "Sonatas and Interludes" for prepared piano. |
Six views of the Sonatas and interludes. By James Pritchettelectronic instrumens
Messiaen: incorporated new instruments such as the ondes martenot (an early electronic instrument)
Cage:
Imaginary Landscape No. 1 (1939): Cage experimented with the electronic equipment, composed a part for "Imaginary Landscape No. 1" that required disc recordings to be performed on a variable-speed record player. etc.
The antagonism (antithesis) Cage/Messiaen opens a wide range of interesting thoughts.
"Natural sounds suggest music to us, but are not yet themselves music... Tonal elements become music only by virtue of their being organized, and that such organization presupposes a conscious human act."
— Igor Stravinsky: Poetics of Music, Harvard University Press, 1942, S. 23
in opposition to Cage‘s "anti-organization" of sound.
What I mean is that Cage‘s music after 1940 (his non-intentional, chance operation technique orientated music)
refused a particular „approach“ or „philosophy of organization of the sonorous material. The still traditional "form" of organisation of sound, even in serialism and/or dodecaphony, handled the material basically in a comparable way as Wagner or Alexander Scriabin did - the composer tried to more or less anticipate the music in his head during the process of composition/writing. I think Cage‘s "approach" was to integrate the sounding, the performance into the process of composition/writing - in order to destroy the autonomy of the "result" as an arefact.
Another aspect came to my mind today:
Cage: the ordinary, the profane, the raw, the beauty of the profane
Messiaen: the sacral, the holy (saint), the beauty of the sublimated
Messiaen‘s music is more like a Mark Rothko painting (ampleness, depth, opulence, earnestness, aristocratic, festivity)
Cage‘s music is more like a Joseph Beuys object (rawboned, provisorily, humor - J. Joyce, Leopold Bloom, unspectacular, "street smart")
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